在深蓝色海洋中的所有生物中， Of all the creatures in the deep blue sea,
一个永远不会忘记引起恐惧的 the one that never fails to strike fear in the heart
是大白鲨，或称白指针 is the great white shark, or white pointer.
好莱坞的电影，让这些动物声名狼藉 Hollywood has made these animals infamous
通过《大白鲨》和《暗潮》等虚构电影 through fictional films such as 'Jaws' and 'Dark Tide'...
但请不要搞错， ..but make no mistake,
这些电影背后的素材是真实的 the premise behind these movies is real.
大白鲨是天生的杀手， Great white sharks are natural born killers,
潜藏在沿海水面之下 lurking in the coastal surface waters
在地球上所有的主要海洋中 of all the major oceans on Earth.
它们喜欢温和的水域， They prefer temperate waters,
但是在热带地区经常可以看到 but are often sighted in the tropics.
两个以大白鲨闻名的地方 Two locations that are well known for great whites
在南非 are South Africa
和大澳大利亚湾， and the Great Australian Bight,
在南澳大利亚海岸附近 off the coast of South Australia.
在这两个地方，洋流携带从南极洲前来的海水 In both places, ocean currents carry water from Antarctica
其中充满了构成复杂生命系的基础微生物 laden with tiny organisms that form the basis of a complex web of life.
浮游生物吸引鱼类，鱼类吸引海豹， Plankton attracts fish, fish attract seals,
海豹吸引大白鲨 seals attract the great white shark.
大白鲨，它们吸引人类 And the great white sharks, well, they attract people.
在笼中和这些有魅力的生物一起潜水 Cage diving with these charismatic creatures
已经成为大生意 has become big business.
在海豹繁殖季节， During seal breeding season,
鲨鱼食品的供应几乎是无限的 the supply of shark food is almost unlimited.
尽管它们外表可怕， Despite their formidable appearance,
但是大白鲨对人类的威胁不大 great white sharks are not a huge threat to humans.
的确，每年大约有100人被鲨鱼袭击， It is true about 100 people a year are attacked by sharks,
大概有一半是由大白鲨造成 and probably about half of those are made by great whites...
但大多数都不是致命的 ..but most are not fatal.
动物学家现在知道这些动物天生好奇， Zoologists now know that these animals are naturally curious,
大多数大白鲨对人类的伤害，只是试探性咬伤 and most injuries to humans are just sample bites.
大白鲨喜欢捕食海狮、 Great white sharks prefer to prey on sealions,
小齿鲸，有时还有其它鲨鱼 small-toothed whales, and sometimes other sharks.
它们真的是终极猎人 They really are the ultimate hunters.
形状像鱼雷， Shaped like torpedoes,
它们能以每小时15英里的速度破浪前进 they can tear through the water at 15 miles per hour.
成年大白鲨有大约300颗牙齿 Fully grown great white sharks have around 300 teeth
排成几排 arranged in several rows.
前面的是刀状的，有锯齿状的边缘 The ones at the front are knifelike, with serrated edges.
吓人又有效 Intimidating and effective.
幸运的是，像这样下潜使用的笼子 Fortunately, the cages used on dives such as this
保护那些寻求亲密接触刺激的人 protect those who seek the thrill of a close encounter
没有任何关联风险 without any associated risk.
大白鲨的嗅觉不是都市神话 The great white's sense of smell is no urban myth.
它们可以检测到少量的血液，并导向目标追踪 They can detect and home in on a small amount of blood
--远达5公里外 from as far as 5km away.
与大多数鱼类不同，这些不可思议的鲨鱼是温血的， Unlike most fish, these incredible sharks are warm-blooded,
这就是为什么它们可以保持体温 which is why they can maintain their body temperature
--在世界各地的海洋中 in seas all over the world.
与大白鲨一起潜水是刺激肾上腺素的终极方式， Cage diving with great whites is the ultimate adrenalin rush,
但这种经验也让科学家们 but the experience also allows scientists
增加它们对这一非凡物种的了解 to increase their understanding of this remarkable species
以及它在蓝色星球上的位置 and its place on the blue planet.
水族馆正慢慢变得和动物园一样受欢迎 Aquariums, which are slowly becoming as popular as zoos
--在全世界， throughout the world,
也为我们提供了更多了解水下生命的机会 also afford opportunity for us to learn more about life underwater...
遇到攻击性较小的鲨鱼 ..and to encounter less aggressive sharks
在它们公认的可控环境中 in their admittedly somewhat controlled environment.
箱体的尺寸明显限制了-- The size of the tanks clearly restricts the size
这些展品中的生物的大小 of the creatures that feature in such exhibits.
所以，如果你想遇见海里最大的鱼， So, if you want to encounter the biggest fish in the sea,
你需要回到野外 you'll need to return to the wild.
尽管有鲸鲨的名字，但大白鲨不是鲸鱼， Despite their name, whale sharks are not whales,
但很明显，这种困惑是如何产生的 but it's obvious how the confusion has come about.
鲸鱼是巨大的----比大白鲨大20倍 They are enormous - 20 times larger than the great white.
化石表明这是一种巨大的鱼 Fossils indicate this gargantuan fish
可能已经存在了2.5亿年 may have been around for 250 million years.
这是真正的海洋恐龙， It's a true dinosaur of the seas,
但人类不必惊慌 but humans need not be alarmed.
这个巨人菜单上唯一的食物是极小生物 The only prey on this giant's menu is microscopic.
至少可以说，与鲸鲨的相遇令人敬畏， Encounters with whale sharks are awe-inspiring, to say the least,
而且是最可靠的观看它们的地方之一 and one of the most reliable places to see them
就在宁加洛珊瑚礁上， is here on Ningaloo Reef,
在西澳大利亚海岸附近 off the coast of Western Australia.
这些温和的生物游到水面以微小的浮游生物为食 These gentle creatures swim to the surface to feed on tiny zoo plankton.
所以，很容易接近它们 So, it's easy to get relatively close to them
只要戴上口罩和通气管 just with a mask and snorkel.
鲸鲨吞食大量的水 Whale sharks gulp enormous quantities of water
进入它们的大嘴， into their wide mouths,
然后通过喉咙里的筛子过滤掉浮游生物 then filter out the plankton through a kind of sieve in their throats.
它们确实有牙齿——实际上有3000颗- They do have teeth - 3,000 of them, in fact -
但它们只有6毫米长，从来没有用来吃东西 but they are barely 6mm long and never used for eating.
人类发现鲸鲨的时间相对较晚 Humans discovered whale sharks relatively recently.
第一次有记录的目击事件发生在不到200年前 The first recorded sighting was less than 200 years ago.
为了更好地了解它们的迁徙行为， To better understand their migratory behaviour,
这样做的话，我们就能承担得起这个物种 and in so doing, afford this species
更好地防止非法捕鱼， better protection from illegal fishing,
科学家们偶尔也会在个体身上安放 scientists will occasionally fit an individual
无线电追踪装置， with a radio tracking device,
这是一种相对无害的手术，类似于耳垂穿孔 a relatively harmless procedure that is akin to having your ears pierced.
一种侵入性较小的跟踪技术使用照片ID A less invasive tracking technique uses photo ID.
所以，任何有水下摄像头的人都可以参与 So, anyone with an underwater camera can contribute
只要拍下它们遇到的任何鲸鲨的皮肤， simply by photographing the skin of any whale shark they encounter,
因为它们的斑点就像人类的指纹一样独特 for their spots are as unique as a human fingerprint.
通过公民科学项目， Through this citizen science project,
鲸鲨专家已经能够确定 whale shark specialists have been able to determine
个体的迁移模式 the migratory patterns of individuals
更好地监控全球鲸鲨数量 and better monitor the global population.
每年4月至8月，鲸鲨都会在宁加洛游弋， Whale sharks cruise through Ningaloo every year between April and August,
而且它们似乎一点也不被人类打扰 and they don't appear to be bothered by humans at all.
宁加洛是世界上最长的边缘珊瑚礁之一 Ningaloo is one of the longest fringing coral reefs in the world.
这是一个美丽的野生地方，沉浸在温暖清澈的水中 It's a beautiful wild place bathed in warm, clear water.
这里生物的多样性令人眼花缭乱 The diversity of life here is bewildering.
宁格罗位于南部温带水域 Ningaloo lies at the point where the southern temperate waters
与印度洋北部的热带洋流相遇 meet the northern tropical currents of the Indian Ocean.
这里有200多种不同的珊瑚 It's home to over 200 different corals
还有500种鱼类 and 500 species of fish.
这片原始的礁石是另一位神奇巨物最喜欢的去处， This pristine reef is a favourite hangout for another majestic giant,
蝠鲼 the manta ray.
像所有的鳐鱼一样，这些优雅的蝠鲼是鲨鱼的一种 Like all rays, these graceful mantas are a type of shark.
长到5.5米宽， Growing to 5.5 metres wide,
它们与黄貂鱼关系密切， they are closely related to stingrays,
但谢天谢地，它们的尾巴上没有令人讨厌的倒钩 but thankfully there's no nasty barb in their tails.
它们确实有牙齿，但形状像鹅卵石， They do have teeth, but they're shaped like pebbles,
而且不是为了咬猎物而设计的 and not designed for biting prey.
蝠鲼大部分时间都在大型垂直环中游泳， Manta rays spend most of their time swimming in large vertical loops,
吸进浮游生物 sucking in plankton as they go.
直到最近，海洋生物学家才相信 Until recently, marine biologists believed
蝠鲼几乎完全依赖浮游生物 mantas depended almost entirely on plankton.
但现在研究表明 But research now reveals
蝠鲼只能获得大约四分之一的营养 manta rays only get about a quarter of their nutrition
--从这种表面饮食中 from this kind of surface feeding.
剩下的鱼主要是鱼， They catch the rest of it, mainly fish,
在黑暗的海洋中狩猎 hunting in the darker reaches of the ocean.
有记录显示，有标记的蝠鲼会游到400米以下的深度 Tagged rays have been recorded swimming to depths below 400 metres.
有证据表明这些令人印象深刻的游泳运动员 And evidence is emerging that these impressive swimmers
可以潜到一公里深的地方 can dive down as far as a kilometre.
嘴两侧的头叶 Cephalic lobes on either side of their mouths
实际上是胸鳍， are actually pectoral fins,
适应于帮助螳螂将食物输送到漏斗中 adapted to help mantas funnel their food.
并不是所有的海洋生物 Not all of the sea's creatures
以杀人癖和美貌闻名 are famous for their propensity to kill or good looks.
有些是难以置信的遭遇 Some are incredible to encounter
只是因为它们太奇怪了 simply because they are so bizarre.
就在维亚拉海岸， Just off the coast of Whyalla,
在南澳大利亚， in South Australia,
有一段10公里长的岩石 there's a 10km stretch of rock
在海底 on the seabed
这并不特别显著 that, well, isn't particularly remarkable
除非你冬天碰巧在这里 unless you happen to be here in winter.
这是世界上唯一的时间和地点， This is the only time, and place in the world, for that matter,
在那里你可以可靠地看到极大的数量集群 where you can reliably see huge numbers
巨大的澳大利亚乌贼 of giant Australian cuttlefish.
身体或披肩长约1.5英尺， With bodies, or mantles, around 1.5 foot long,
它们是世界上同类物种中最大的 they are the largest of their kind in the world.
巨型乌贼每年冬天都来这里繁殖 Giant cuttlefish come here every winter to breed
因为海底是一个完美的平台 because the seabed is a perfect platform
供雌性锚定卵子 for females to anchor their eggs.
以真正的摇滚明星装扮，它们活得快，死得早， In true rock star fashion, they live fast and die young,
产卵后不久卷起十只触手 curling up their ten tentacles shortly after spawning.
幼乌贼需要12到18个月才能成熟 Young cuttlefish take 12 to 18 monthsto reach maturity.
所以，它们只在一个季节内性活跃 So, they are only sexually active for a single season.
它们的首要任务就是活得足够长 Their primary role is simply to live long enough
传递它们艳丽的、自负的基因 to pass their flashy, overconfident genes
给下一代 to the next generation.
所有表演行业中的佼佼者， The jack of all performing trades,
乌贼有水下视觉效果单元 cuttlefish have the underwater visual effects department
布满身体 well covered.
它们可以在瞬间改变颜色， They can change colour in an instant,
通过一系列千变万化的模式 and work their way through a kaleidoscopic range of patterns.
乌贼利用这些技能来帮助它们伪装 They use these skills to help them with camouflage
或者发出警报， or to signal alarm,
但在它们的交配仪式中，一切都是为了炫耀 but during their mating ritual,it's all about showing off
增加你的繁殖优势 and upping your reproductive stakes.
乌贼已经存在数亿年了 Cuttlefish have been around for hundreds of millions of years...
这就引出了一个问题， ..which begs the question,
在这次水下遭遇中，谁是真正的外来人？ who is the real alien in this underwater encounter?
是寻求进入这个世界的陌生新生物的人类 The strange new creatures who seek to enter this world
还是人类来欣赏的乌贼？ or the cuttlefish they've come to admire?
这里有许多火山岛 there's a collection of volcanic islands...
…在地理隔离的情况下，它们发展成了栖息地 ..that, in their geographic isolation, have developed habitats
这使得许多独特的物种得以进化 that have enabled many unique species to evolve.
在陆地上，它们似乎对人类没有什么恐惧 On land, they appear to have little to fear from humans.
事实上，情况似乎恰恰相反 Indeed, the reverse appears to be true.
这些岛屿和它们令人难以置信的动物群 These islands and their incredible collection of animals.
启发查尔斯·达尔文写了一本书 inspired Charles Darwin to write a book
这永远改变了我们对地球上生命的看法 that changed the way we think about life on Earth forever.
当然，它们是无与伦比的： They are, of course, the incomparable:
该群岛共有19个岛屿， There are 19 islands in the group in total,
它们就在赤道上 and they sit right on the equator.
它们的位置是关键-- Their location is key
生活在这里的奇异而奇妙的生物， to the strange and wonderful creatures that live here,
尤其是在海底 particularly under the sea.
加拉帕戈斯群岛处于一种三角形中 The Galapagos lie in a kind of triangle
由三股大洋流交汇而成 created by the meeting of three great ocean currents.
这对天气有巨大的影响， This has a dramatic effect on the weather,
允许大量海洋动物在这里生存 allowing a vast range of marine animals to wind up here.
著名的海洋鬣蜥是加拉帕戈斯群岛所独有的 The famous marine iguana is unique to the Galapagos Islands.
它是唯一一种纯靠藻类和海藻为生的蜥蜴 It's the only lizard that lives purely on algae and seaweed
在水下游泳 and swims underwater.
它们几乎肯定是有几代 They're almost certainly descendants
产于南美洲的森林鬣蜥 of the forest-dwelling iguanas of South America.
理论上是大陆上的风暴 The theory is storms on the mainland
产生了漂浮着木棍和碎片， may have set adrift rafts of sticks and debris,
一些不幸的陆栖鬣蜥被困在漂浮物上 and a few unlucky land-based iguanas became stuck on board.
它们被洋流带走了 They were carried by the ocean current
然后被扔到这里 开始新的生活 and dumped here to begin a new life.
经过无数代， Over countless generations,
它们进化出了在海边生存的能力 they evolved the ability to survive by the sea.
用锋利的牙齿刮食海藻， Sharp teeth for scraping algae,
用扁平尾巴游泳， a flattened tail for swimming,
甚至还有一个特殊的腺体 and even a special gland
从血液中去除多余的盐 which removes excess salt from their bloodstream.
鸟类也统治加拉帕戈斯的栖息地 Birds also rule the Galapagos roost...
但有两只更引人注目的海鸟 ..but two of the more striking seabirds
护卫舰鸟，有着特别的红色喉袋， are the frigate, with its extraordinary red throat pouch,
还有蓝脚鲣鸟， and the blue-footed booby,
它奇特的蓝脚很容易识别 easily identified by its outlandish blue feet.
雄性为它们的蓝色绒面皮鞋感到自豪， The males are very proud of their blue suede shoes,
在交配舞蹈中展示它们 and show them off during mating dances.
脚最蓝的男孩通常会抓住女孩的心， The guy with the bluest feet usually gets the girl,
还有机会传递它的基因 and the opportunity to pass on his genes.
加拉帕戈斯群岛也是一种企鹅家园 The Galapagos Islands are also home
世界上唯一的赤道企鹅 to the world's only equatorial penguin.
它们是一只小而坚定的鸟， They are a small but determined bird,
在陆地上很笨拙，但在水下目睹绝对令人惊奇 ungainly on land, but absolutely amazing to witness underwater.
海洋中最欢乐的景色之一 One of the most joyous sights in the ocean
在世界上几乎所有温暖的水域都能找到 can be found in almost all the warm waters of the world.
海豚 Dolphins.
最近一次统计 At last count,
科学家认为我们有38种不同的海洋海豚， scientists think we have 38 different species of marine dolphin,
另外还有五个人住在淡水河里 plus another five living in rivers.
澳大利亚有14种不同的海洋海豚， Australian has 14 different marine dolphin species,
其中一些人几乎太容易遇到 and some of them are almost too easy to meet.
就在繁忙的港口城市附近 Just offshore from the busy port city
在南澳大利亚的阿德莱德， of Adelaide, in South Australia,
海豚会让路 dolphins will go out of their way
并开始与人类的亲密接触 to initiate close encounters with humans.
这里最常见的物种是瓶鼻海豚 The most common species here is the bottle-nosed dolphin.
这些群居动物生活在群体中，由大约12个人组成 These sociable animals live in pods, groups of around 12 individuals
发展了一系列社交技能 that have developed a range of social skills
为了生存和相互支持 to survive and support each other.
沟通是关键 Communication is key.
海豚使用尖叫和咔哒声的复杂组合 Dolphins use a complex combination of squeaks and clicks
互相交谈 to talk to each other.
它们的听力范围是人类的十倍， Their range of hearing is ten times greater than humans,
这样它们就能听到我们听不到的高音 so they can pick up high-pitched sounds that we are unable to hear.
海豚通常成群结队地捕猎， Dolphins usually hunt in a team,
聚集鱼群， rounding up schools of fish,
把它们聚笼，直到每个海豚都吃得饱为止 keeping them corralled until everyone has had an easy feed.
大多数在大型群中的海豚都是雌性 Most dolphins in large pods are female
而且彼此没有关联， and not related to one another,
尽管母亲们会和孩子们在一起长达八年 although mothers will stay with their young for up to eight years.
雄性海豚形成两、三个更小的群， Male dolphins form smaller pods of two or three,
它们被认为是一生的朋友 and they are thought to become friends for life.
它们只有在交配的时候才会接近雌性， They only approach the females when it's time to mate,
这是经常发生的事 which is often.
海豚实际上可以在一年中的任何时候交配 Dolphins can actually mate at any time of the year.
当雌性分娩时， When a female gives birth,
群里的其它海豚会帮助她， the others in her pod will help her,
然后继续扮演重要角色 then go on to play a major role
保护和养育后代 in protecting and rearing the offspring.
世界各地的许多海岸公园和水族馆 Many marine parks and aquariums around the world
提供人类与海豚互动的机会 offer opportunities to interact with dolphins.
它们争夺注意力 They vie for attention
与其它同样可爱的海洋动物，如白鲸 with other equally endearing marine animals such as the beluga whale.
幼鲸出生时是灰色的，成熟时逐渐变白 Calves are born grey, fading to white as they mature.
成年鲸很容易通过它们圆圆的额头分辨出来 Adults are easily distinguishable by their rounded foreheads
而且没有背鳍 and lack of dorsal fin.
它们显然喜欢欣赏观众 And they clearly enjoy an appreciative audience.
大堡礁是一个庞大的动物群落 The Great Barrier Reef is a massive community of animals.
它由3000多个独立的珊瑚礁系统组成 It comprises over 3,000 individual reef systems.
沿着 It runs along
澳大利亚东海岸， Australia's eastern coast,
来自摩羯座的热带， from the Tropicof Capricorn,
向北靠近赤道 north towards the equator.
这里令人难以置信的多样性很难看过来 The incredible variety of life here is hard to take in.
世界上最大的珊瑚群 The world's largest collection of corals
1500多种鱼类经常光顾 frequented by over 1,500 species of fish.
很难理解这么大的建筑， It's difficult to comprehend that a structure so large,
甚至可以从太空看到， it's even visible from space,
从一个小珊瑚虫开始， begins with a tiny coral polyp,
与水母和海葵有亲缘关系的软体动物 a soft-bodied animal related to jellyfish and sea anemones.
一只年轻的水螅开始在海洋中漂流 A young polyp begins life drifting in the ocean.
当它降落在一个合适的家里， When it lands in a suitable home,
它附着在海床上， it attaches itself to the sea bed,
温暖而浅浅，阳光充足的地方 somewhere warm and shallow with lots of sunshine.
然后，造礁的神奇过程开始了 Then the miraculous process of reef-building begins.
这些珊瑚虫科 These families of coral polyps
创造了神奇的形状和颜色 have created a wonder of magical shapes and colours
几千年来 over many thousands of years.
当然，它们为无数的生物提供了一个完美的家园 And of course, they provide a perfect home for the countless creatures
--生活在热带海洋的生物 living in the tropical seas.
海葵有毒的刺细胞 The toxic stinging cells of the sea anemone
也是水下的怪胎， are also an underwater oddity,
因为它们为另一个小生物提供保护， for they provide protection for another small creature,
标志性的小丑鱼 the iconic clownfish.
这条小鱼很容易被捕食 This little fish would be easy prey
对于珊瑚礁上较大的捕食者， for the larger predators on the reef,
所以小丑鱼找到了一个安全的方法 so it's worked out a way to stay safe
生活在海葵危险的触角之间 by living between the dangerous tentacles of a sea anemone.
那么，它如何避免被蛰和吃掉呢 So, how does it avoid being stung and eaten
像其它不幸游到这里的鱼一样？ like all the other fish unfortunate enough to swim this way?
答案是非常小心 The answer is by being very careful.
当小丑鱼第一次到达海葵的家时， When a clownfish first arrives at a potential anemone home,
它表演一种舞蹈， it performs a kind of dance,
轻轻触摸海葵的触角 gently touching the anemone's tentacles.
这让鱼习惯了它的叮咬 This allows the fish to become accustomed to its stings.
小丑鱼的皮肤上也会产生厚厚的粘液， Clownfish also develop a thick mucous on their skin,
这有助于保护它们 which aids their protection.
它们在其它鱼类不敢冒险的地方，生活的能力令人震惊， Their ability to live where other fish fear to venture is astounding,
但它们改变性别的能力也是如此 but so too is their ability to change sex.
小丑鱼都是天生的雄性 Clownfish are all born male.
一旦一个小组成立， Once a group is established,
最大的会奇迹般地变成雌性 the largest will miraculously turn into a female
以确保继续繁殖 to ensure reproduction continues.
作为群体中的主导个体， As the dominant individual in the group,
她能产卵并由雄性受精 she becomes capable of laying eggs for the males to fertilise.
如果雌性死亡， If the female dies,
然后剩下的最大的雄性会站出来改变性别 then the largest remaining male will step up and change sex
取代她的位置 to take her place.
大堡礁真的像一座巨大的水下城市 The Great Barrier Reef really is like an enormous underwater city.
它提供住所、食物和陪伴-- It provides shelter, food, and company
为一群非凡的动物， for whole communities of extraordinary animals,
以及一项保持整个系统健康的基本服务 and one essential service that keeps the entire system healthy
由这些清洁站提供 is provided at cleaning stations.
这些站是由少数不寻常的生物建立的， These stations are set up by a handful of unusual creatures,
比如名字恰如其分的清洁虾 such as the aptly named cleaner shrimp...
它们靠清理和吃死细胞和寄生虫生存 ..who survive by cleaning and eating dead cells and parasites
从大型动物的皮肤上 from the skin of larger animals.
当地的鱼知道去哪里清洁牙齿， The local fish know where to go to get their teeth cleaned,
当地的潜水者也是如此 and so do the local divers.
清洁虾非常自信， Cleaner shrimp are so confident,
它们甚至会游进大鱼的鳃腔和嘴巴里 they will even crawl into the gill cavities and mouths of big fish
不用担心被吃掉 without any fear of being eaten.
科学家最近发现 Scientists have recently discovered
清洁站对珊瑚礁是多么重要 how crucial cleaning stations are to the reef.
在清除干净鱼的采样区域， In sample areas where cleaner fish were removed,
四分之三的鱼类消失了 three quarters of the fish population disappeared.
据推测，许多暗礁生物 It's assumed that many reef creatures
很快就会死于疾病和健康问题 would quickly succumb to disease and ill health
如果它们没有定期清洁 if they were not regularly cleaned.
所以，难怪这些地方很受欢迎 So, it's no wonder these are popular places.
任何一个清洁站的访客数 The number of visitors at any one cleaning station
每天可能超过2000 could be well over 2,000 per day.
最多1200个寄生虫被清除 And with up to 1,200 parasites being removed
--在一场鱼类清洁会中， in a single fish cleaning session,
这些小虾能满足需求，真是个奇迹 it's a wonder these tiny shrimp can keep up with the demand.
大堡礁也许是最有名的 The Great Barrier Reef is perhaps best known
因为它有丰富多彩的小鱼 for its profusion of small colourful fish.
安提亚斯鱼群都在晒太阳 Great schools of anthias catch the sun
在桃红色和金色的阴影中 in shades of peach and gold.
外来的个体 Exotically named individuals
像天使鱼，石鲈，和小热带鱼 like angelfish, sweetlip, and damselfish
优雅地游过分叉的珊瑚 swim gracefully through the branching corals.
珊瑚礁也为不寻常的生物提供了栖息地 The reef also provides a home for strange creatures
比如桶状海绵和巨大的蛤蜊 like barrel sponges and giant clams.
许多从礁石上升起的岛屿 Many of the islands that rise from the reef
四周是田园诗般糖衣似的海滩 are fringed by idyllic, icing sugarlike beaches...
由海洋中的一种生物——斑头鹦嘴鱼创造 ..created by a creature in the sea, the bumphead parrotfish.
这是世界上最大的鹦鹉鱼， This is the world's largest parrotfish,
它最喜欢的食物是珊瑚 and its favourite food is coral.
它用头上巨大的隆起物敲掉大块珊瑚， It uses the massive bump on its head to knock off big chunks of coral,
还用它喙状的嘴，用来碾碎和吃掉战利品 and its beaklike mouth to crush and consume the spoils.
这条鱼实际上只感兴趣于-- The fish is actually only interested
珊瑚体内的珊瑚虫和藻类， in the polyps and algae inside the coral,
但要做到这一点需要一点努力 but to get that takes a bit of work.
咬碎的珊瑚骨架然后作为废物排出- The crushed coral skeleton is then excreted as waste -
被冲刷到环礁上的废物，比如沙子 waste that washes up onto atolls such as this as sand.
是的，你脚趾下面的那种有趣柔软的粉末 Yes, that deliciously soft powder beneath your toes
主要由鹦鹉鱼粪便制成 is mostly made from parrotfish poo.
马尔代夫的研究表明，那里85%的沙子 Studies in the Maldives have shown that 85% of the sand there
来自鹦鹉鱼的尾部排出 has come from the rear end of parrotfish.
一种巧妙设计的鱼 One type of fish that's well designed
海鳗生活在珊瑚礁上难以接近的地方 for living in inaccessible places on the reef is the moray eel.
这些令人印象深刻的鱼可以长到三米长 These impressive fish can grow to three metres long
腰身和人类的腰一样粗 and be as thick as a human waist.
尽管有这些可怕的尺寸， Despite these intimidating dimensions,
海鳗对人类没有攻击性 moray eels are not aggressive to humans.
潜水员可能会遇到海鳗-- Divers can come across morays
在全球热带和温带水域， in tropical and temperate waters around the globe,
但澳大利亚北部有15种不同的海鳗物种 but northern Australia has 15 different species
这些壮观的海鳗 of this spectacular eel.
这些海鳗需要大约20年的时间才能长到最大尺寸 It takes about 20 years for these eels to reach their full size.
随着这段时间的临近，许多海鳗变成了雌性 As this time approaches, many of them turn into females.
然而，在交配的一个月内，它们会产卵并死亡 Within a month of mating, however, they will lay their eggs and die.
一种引人注目的海鳗物种 One remarkable species of eel
直到水肺潜水流行时，才被发现 was only discovered when scuba diving became popular.
这些海鳗生活在开阔的沙滩上， These eels live out on the open sand,
所以它们进化了一种独特的方法来不被发现 so they've developed a unique method of remaining inconspicuous
尽管它们明显暴露了 despite their obvious exposure.
它们只是假装自己是一片海草 They simply pretend they're a field of seagrass.
斑点花园海鳗生活在巨大的群体中 Spotted garden eels live in huge colonies
在阳光普照的海床上 on sunlit patches of the sea floor.
它们的活动范围横跨印度洋，一直延伸到非洲， Their range extends across the Indian Ocean to Africa,
从西太平洋一直到日本 and up the Western Pacific to Japan.
为了觅食，它们从洞穴里爬出来 To feed, they rise out of their burrows
在洋流中漂游， and sway in the ocean currents,
在浮游动物移动的过程中吸食它们 taking in zooplankton as they go.
如果受到惊吓，海鳗会立即撤退到海底， If alarmed, the eels instantly retreat into the seabed,
沙子看起来好像从来没有人在那里 and the sand appears as if no-one was ever there.
世界海洋是七种海龟的家园 The world's oceans are home to seven marine turtle species.
最大的红海龟之一， One of the largest, the loggerhead,
能忍受北欧更冷的海洋 can tolerate the colder oceans of northern Europe
还有南大西洋 and the South Atlantic.
它们随处可见 They can be found anywhere
除了北极和南极的极端条件 except the extreme conditions of the North and South Pole.
它们更喜欢沿海地区， They prefer coastal areas,
但它们经常被发现出海旅行 but are often spotted travelling way out to sea.
鹰嘴乌龟避开深水， Hawksbill turtles avoid deep waters,
通常在珊瑚礁附近温暖的海洋中被发现， and are usually found in the warm seas near coral reefs,
它们最喜欢的食物海绵在那里大量生长 where their favourite food, sponges, grows in large numbers.
它们引人注目的锯齿状外壳和鸟一样的喙 Their dramatic serrated shell and birdlike beak
使它们易于识别 makes them easy to identify.
温和的绿海龟是最多育的和分布最广的 The gentle green turtle is the most prolific and widespread.
它们生活在热带地区及其周围，包括夏威夷 They live in and around the tropics, including Hawaii.
绿海龟不会被潜水员吓到， Green turtles are not alarmed by divers,
所以通常可以直接游到它们跟前 so it's often possible to swim right up to them
来进行一次真正的亲密接触 to get a really close encounter.
所有的海龟都是在埋在沙子里的蛋里开始生命的 All marine turtles begin life in an egg buried in the sand.
它们的妈妈们辛苦地爬上海滩去挖窝 Their mothers make the laborious journey up the beach to dig a nest.
一旦开始产卵，她就会进入恍惚状态， Once she begins laying, she enters a trancelike state,
在那里，任何东西甚至旁观者，都不会扰乱手头的工作 where nothing, not even onlookers, will disrupt the job at hand.
产下100到200个蛋之后，视物种而定， 100 to 200 eggs later, depending on the species,
妈妈把坑盖好，然后回到海里 mum covers the pit completely, then returns back to the sea.
在一个季节过程中， In the course of a season,
一只雌性绿海龟可以这样做五到六次 a female green turtle may do this five or six times.
设定并忘记，如果一切按计划进行 Set and forget, and if all goes according to plan...
六到八周后， ..six to eight weeks later,
新孵化的小海龟将开始出现 newly hatched turtles will begin to emerge.
当它们走向大海时，它们展开了真正的挑战， As they make their way to the ocean, they run a veritable gauntlet,
希望避免躲在沙子下面的螃蟹 hoping to avoid predation by crabs hiding below the sand
避开在头顶盘旋的鸟儿 and birds wheeling overhead.
一旦它们进入水中，龟生游戏就开始了， Once they enter the water, it's game on,
成群饥饿的鱼和贪婪的鲨鱼 for hordes of hungry fish and ravenous sharks
正在浅水区巡逻 are patrolling the shallows.
存活的可能性不利于这些刚出生的小海龟 The odds of surviving are stacked against the hatchlings.
每1000只只有不到一只幸存， Fewer than one in 1,000 survive,
但是如果这只小乌龟能穿过破浪 but if this little turtle can make it through the breakers
到了公海， and out to the open sea,
它活到成年的机会很大 its chances of surviving to adulthood are good.
孵化到成熟之间的时间 The years between hatching and reaching maturity
被称为迷失的岁月， are known as the lost years,
因为科学家们仍在试图找出它们的去向 for scientists are still trying to work out where they go.
然而，有一件事是肯定的 One thing's for certain, however.
它们有一个内置的天然GPS They have an inbuilt natural GPS
这将引导它们回到出生的地方 that will guide them back to the same area where they were born
当它们准备好繁殖时 when they are ready to breed themselves.
世界各地的海龟 Turtle populations around the world
这些年来遭受了沉重打击 have taken a hammering over the years.
它们经常被丢弃的渔网缠死 They're regularly killed in discarded nets
这些渔网静静地飘在大海之中 that drift silently through the sea...
或者把塑料购物袋误认为水母而吞下饿死 ..or starve to death after mistaking plastic shopping bags for jellyfish.
气候变化给它们21世纪的苦难雪上加霜 Adding to their 21st-century woes, climate change.
然而，就目前而言，海龟仍然与我们同在， For the time being, however, turtles are still with us,
在海洋中遇到这些古代水手 and encountering these ancient mariners in the ocean
仍然是一种鼓舞人心、令人振奋的体验 remains an inspirational, uplifting experience.
艾尔马尔克岛， The island of Eil Malk,
在太平洋国家帕劳， in the Pacific nation of Palau,
既美丽又遥远 is both beautiful and remote...
它提供了地球上最优雅的动物邂逅体验之一 ..and it affords one of the most ethereal animal encounters on Earth.
在这里发展起来的生命形式真的很迷人 The lifeforms that have developed here are truly mesmerising.
金色水母 Golden jellyfish.
人们可以在这里安全游泳的原因 The reason people can safely swim here
水母不会蜇人 is that the jellyfish are not able to sting.
虽然湖水是咸的， Although the lake is saline,
这些水母与海洋隔绝了一万多年 these jellyfish have been cut off from the sea for over 10,000 years.
没有公海就没有捕食者， No open sea means no predators,
没有捕食者意味着不需要防御 and no predators means no need for defences.
这些水母完全放松了警惕， These jellyfish have well and truly let their guard down,
逐渐失去了刺击的能力 and have gradually lost their ability to sting.
这个湖是在全球海平面上升时形成的 The lake was formed when global sea levels rose
在最后一个冰河时代之后 after the last ice age.
它仍然通过三条隧道与附近的泻湖相连， It's still connected to the neighbouring lagoon by three tunnels,
所以每次涨潮，水都会涌进来 so water washes in here with every high tide.
大约800万只水母生活在这最好的条件之下 Around eight million jellyfish live here when conditions are optimal.
最后一次统计只有大约60万， At last count, there were only about 600,000,
但这仍然有很多水母相匹敌 but that's still a heck of a lot of jellyfish to contend with.
没有人知道确切的原因， No-one knows exactly why,
但这里的降雨量是65年来最低的 but rainfall here is the lowest it's been in 65 years.
因此，该湖的盐度水平是有记录以来最高的 As a result, the lake's salinity levels are the highest on record.
科学家们现在就下结论还为时过早 It's too early for scientists to tell
水母数量的减少-- whether the reduced jellyfish numbers
是自然波动还是气候变化的结果 are a natural fluctuation or a result of climate change.
上一次数量大减，发生在20世纪90年代 The last population crash was in the 1990s
在厄尔尼诺事件之后 after an El Nino event...
好消息是水母数量反弹回来了 ..and the good news is the jellyfish bounced back.
帕劳的每个人都希望同样的事情再次发生 Everyone here in Palau is hopeful the same thing will happen again.
在海洋环境中能遇到的所有动物中， Of all the animal encounters possible in the marine environment,
这一次总是让人高兴， this one never fails to delight,
使许多人在水下自发地大笑 causing many to spontaneously laugh out loud underwater.
澳大利亚海狮可能是海洋中最稀有的物种之一， Australian sealions may be one of the rarest species in the ocean,
但这些青春期的幼崽似乎一点也不担心 but these adolescent pups don't seem too concerned at all.
它们只是想玩 They just want to play.
这些绝妙的动物 These sublime animals
住在偏远的海滩附近 live just off a remote beach
在澳大利亚大海湾 on the Great Australian Bight
叫贝尔德湾 called Baird Bay.
水可能很冷，但如果你准备好了， The water can be cold, but if you're prepared to bra e it,
你将受到热烈的欢迎 the welcome you'll receive is very warm indeed.
享受一次邂逅只有三条规则 There are only three rules to enjoying an encounter
不破坏自然的平衡 without upsetting the balance of nature.
没有防晒霜，没有触摸，没有追逐 No sunscreen, no touching, and no chasing.
海狮与海豹有两大区别 Sealions differ from seals in two big ways.
它们有外耳瓣， They have external ear flaps,
它们可以用脚蹼走路， and they can walk on their back flippers,
用它们前面的那个支撑它们 using their front ones to prop them upright.
澳大利亚只有大约12000只海狮 There are only about 12,000 Australian sealions
留在世界上， left in the world,
但贝尔德湾的当地数量正在蓬勃发展 but the local population here at Baird Bay is thriving.
由于立法确保了对它们的保护， Since legislation has ensured their protection,
数量增加了三倍 numbers have increased threefold.
南大洋另一个以海洋哺乳动物闻名的地方 Another spot in the southern oceans famous for its marine mammals
位于新西兰塔斯曼海的另一边 lies on the other side of the Tasman Sea in New Zealand.
它的突出特点， Its standout feature,
除了水线之上的美景， apart from the sheer beauty of the place above the waterline,
就在近海有一个巨大的峡谷， is a gaping canyon just offshore,
这是一个令人畏惧的3公里深 and it's a daunting 3km deep.
凯库拉是一个以前的捕鲸站（新西兰） Kaikoura is a former whaling station
基督城以北 north of Christchurch
在新西兰南岛 on the South Island of New Zealand.
这个名字在当地毛利语中的意思是“小龙虾食品”， The name means "crayfish food" in the local Maori language,
这为这种不同寻常的海洋生物的繁荣提供了线索 and that provides a clue to the unusual abundance
这里的海洋生物 of sea life found here.
海浪下面巨大的水下峡谷 The immense underwater canyon below these waves
富含磷虾和其它浮游生物 is rich with krill and other plankton.
这反过来又吸引了其它海洋动物 This, in turn, draws other sea animals
一直到食物链的上游 all the way up the food chain.
一些最吵闹的动物来到这里繁殖 Some of the noisiest come here to breed.
毛皮海豹 Fur seals.
一只雄海豹拥有大约40只雌性后宫， One male commands a harem of about 40 females,
它会认真地唱歌跳舞，保证它们留给自己 and he'll make a serious song and dance about keeping them for himself.
对于雌性海豹来说，生活很艰难 It's a hard life for a female fur seal.
它们生了孩子，几乎马上又怀孕了， They give birth, and almost immediately fall pregnant again,
年复一年，它们回到凯库拉重复这个循环 and year after year, they return to Kaikoura to repeat the cycle.
动物爱好者同样感兴趣的是抹香鲸 Of equal interest to animal lovers is the sperm whale.
在已知的生物中，脑容量最大的动物 The animal with the largest brain of any creature known to have lived.
它的尾鳍有四米宽， Its tail fluke is over four metres across,
以每小时近40公里的速度游弋，这些巨型动物 driving these enormous animals along at nearly 40km per hour.
这是世界上为数不多的地方之一 This is one of the few places in the world
在离海岸如此近的地方可以看到抹香鲸 where sperm whales can be seen so close to shore.
如果在动物遭遇战中，尺寸真的很重要， If size really matters when it comes to animal encounters,
那你真的不能忽视蓝鲸， then you really can't overlook the blue whale,
海洋中最大的动物 the largest animal in the ocean.
事实上，它是有史以来最大的动物 In fact, it's the largest animal that has ever lived.
有两个世界著名的地方可以看到它们 There are two world-renowned places for seeing them.
一个是蒙特雷峡谷， One is the Monterey Canyon,
在美国加利福尼亚海岸， off the coast of California, in the USA,
另一个是澳大利亚东海岸 the other is the east coast of Australia.
从5月到11月， Between May and November,
这些标志性的动物沿着海岸线迁徙 these iconic animals migrate along the coastline.
它们一路旅行，是为了南极丰富的食物 They're travelling from the rich food sources in the Antarctic
以及到温暖的水域繁殖 to warmer waters for breeding.
在野外看到一头 是一次难忘的经历， To see one in the wild is an unforgettable experience,
甚至从空中 even from the air.
成年蓝鲸大约有30米长 Fully grown blue whales are roughly 30 metres long.
它们的心脏只有汽车那么大， Their heart alone is as big as a car,
但它们只吃磷虾， and yet they feed exclusively on krill,
微小的虾状生物 在海洋中有着巨大的意义， tiny shrimplike organisms that have a colossal significance in the sea,
形成许多海洋食物链的基础 forming the basis for many marine food webs.
除了是地球上最大的动物， Apart from being the biggest animals on the planet,
蓝鲸也是名声最大的鲸鱼之一 blue whales are also one of the loudest.
它们用低沉的呻吟声、咕噜声和脉冲声进行交流 They communicate using low groans, grunts, and pulsing sounds...
它们能在1600公里外听到彼此的声音 ..and they can hear each other from 1,600km away.
座头鲸是一种更容易在野外看到的物种 Humpback whales are a far easier species to encounter in the wild
在这样绚丽的地方 in glorious places such as this.
内部通道是一条著名的海岸线 The Inside Passage is a well known coastal route
它蜿蜒穿过岛屿 that weaves its way through the islands
在北美洲的太平洋海岸 on the Pacific Coast of North America.
座头鲸的表现会更多 Humpbacks will outperform
几乎是海洋中的任何其它鲸鱼物种... just about any other whale species in the ocean...
经常看到它们挥舞着鳍 and are regularly seen waving their fins
好像是为了吸引注意， as if to attract attention,
或是从海中冲出 or breaching clean out of the sea.
它们是迁徙物种，比大多数物种走得更远， They are a migratory species, and travel further than most,
夏季在南极洲觅食 feeding in Antarctica in the summer months
--在前往温暖的气候繁殖之前 before heading to warmer climes to breed.
一般认为，它们能活50年， They are thought to live up to 50 years,
鲸鱼的年龄 也可以用衡量树木的方法 and the age of a whale can be measured in much the same way
如同林业工作者能使树木年轮 foresters are able to age trees.
当科学家发现一头死鲸， When scientists discover a dead whale,
它们从它的耳朵上取下蜡塞 they remove the waxy plugs from its ears
只需数一下圈数 and simply count the number of rings.
汤加王国，由170个岛屿组成 The Kingdom of Tonga, a collection of 170 islands
位于浩瀚的太平洋中间 lying right in the middle of the vast Pacific Ocean,
提供了一个更接近 offers an even closer
与鲸鱼邂逅的机会 encounter with whales.
每年都有数百头座头鲸来这里 Hundreds of humpbacks choose to come here every year
抚养它们的孩子 to raise their young.
从7月到11月， From July through to November,
座头鲸雌性留在这里分娩 the humpback females stay here to give birth
养育它们的幼鲸 and nurture their calves.
雌性在哺乳期间会禁食， The females fast while they are nursing young,
幼鲸每天贪婪地消耗高达600升的浓乳汁 who greedily consume up to 600 litres of thick rich milk a day...
而且它们似乎并不介意有人来访 and they don't seem to be bothered by humans dropping in for a visit.
这是一次真正神奇的海上体验 It's a truly magical marine experience.
妈妈们和孩子们一起游泳， Mothers and their young swim close together,
经常用脚蹼互相触碰 often touching each other with their flippers
作为爱的示意 as a sign of affection.
这些幼鲸需要十年才能完全长大， It will take ten years for these calves to be fully grown,
在大部分时间里，它们都会和母亲待在一起 and they will stay close to their mothers for much of this time.
很明显，我们人类对水下动物的威胁较小 It is clear we humans pose less of a threat to animals underwater
-相比我们在陆地做的 than we do above it.
我们慢慢地游， We swim slowly,
当然，我们不能永远呆在它们的海洋王国里 and of course, we can't stay forever in their ocean realm.
我们似乎对海洋动物更好奇， We would appear to be a curiosity,
而不是危害海洋动物， rather than a threat to marine animals,
所以它们经常让我们离得更近 so they often allow us to get much closer to them
--比陆地动物 than land animals do...
从本质上说，这就是在海上容易接近的原因 and that, in essence, is what makes marine encounters
这是最壮观的野生动物体验 some of the most spectacular wildlife experiences of all.
英语字幕由Ai媒体 机翻粗校 chenym Captioned by Ai-Media.tv